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Dr. Lo Tenens Retirement Dilemma: Supercharging Savings with Defined Benefit Plans

Locum Tenens Physician Considering Solo 401(k) for Retirement Planning

Many high-income locum tenens physicians face a common challenge: maximizing retirement savings while minimizing taxes. Dr. Lo Tenens, a 48-year-old anesthesiologist earning $350,000 annually, exemplifies this struggle. She's maxing out her Solo 401(k) contributions, but worries it won't be enough to achieve her retirement goal of maintaining her current lifestyle, estimated to require $200,000 annually. How can she save more while reducing her tax burden?

This post explores how combining a Solo 401(k) with a defined benefit plan can significantly boost retirement savings, lower taxable income, and create long-term financial security.

What Are Defined Benefit Plans?

Defined benefit plans are employer-sponsored retirement plans that guarantee a specific retirement benefit based on factors like salary and years of service. Unlike defined contribution plans (e.g., 401(k)s or IRAs), they offer a predictable retirement income stream. A popular type is the cash balance plan, blending

Key Advantages

  • Higher Contribution Limits: Contributions can reach $200,000 or more annually, depending on age, income, and goals.
  • Immediate Tax Deductions: Every dollar contributed reduces your taxable income.
  • Tax-Deferred Growth: Investments grow tax-free.
  • Predictable Retirement Income: Cash balance plans provide a guaranteed payout.
  • Flexibility: Defined benefit plans can be terminated and rolled over into other plans.

The Power of Combining a Solo 401(k) with a Defined Benefit Plan

This combination offers unparalleled opportunities:

  • Higher Contribution Limits:
    • Solo 401(k): For 2025, the total limit is $70,000. However, when combined with a defined benefit plan, the employer/business owner contribution is typically limited to 6% of compensation. For Dr. Tenens, this is $21,000 (6% of $350,000). The employee deferral limit is $23,500. Therefore, the total Solo 401(k) contribution in this scenario is $44,500 ($23,500 + $21,000).
    • Defined Benefit Plan: Contributions can reach $200,000 or more. Total contributions could exceed $264,500 annually.
  • Tax Deductions: Every dollar contributed reduces taxable income.
  • Mega Backdoor Roth: Solo 401(k)s allow after-tax contributions that can be rolled into a Roth IRA.

Addressing the Spouse Strategy

Adding a spouse to your Solo 401(k) may be less attractive:

  • Spousal Salary: Requires legitimate work documentation and may trigger IRS scrutiny.
  • Payroll Taxes: Incurs additional payroll taxes.

Limited Contributions: Combined Solo 401(k) contributions are capped at $140,000 (2025 - $70,000 per person), less than the combined plan's potential.

Case Comparison: Spouse vs. Combined Plans

The combined approach offers significantly greater tax savings.

Fees: Are They Worth It?

Defined benefit plan fees ($5,000-$10,000 annually) are outweighed by the substantial tax advantages.

Potential Downsides (and Rebuttals)

Defined benefit plans are complex. Early withdrawals can incur penalties. However, the greater tax savings and growth potential usually outweigh these concerns.

Investment Options and Actuarial Calculations

These plans offer various investment options. Actuarial calculations, performed by professionals, determine necessary contributions. Consulting a financial advisor is highly recommended.

Example of Growth (Simplified - Revised and Corrected for 2025)

(Important Note: Solo 401(k) "employer" contribution is limited to 6% of compensation ($21,000) when combined with a defined benefit plan. The employee deferral limit is $23,500. This example assumes contributions within legal limits and consistent income. Consult a financial advisor for personalized projections.)

(This is a simplified example assuming no contribution limit increases for future years. Actual results will vary. Consult a financial advisor.)

A defined benefit plan, combined with a Solo 401(k), is a powerful tool for high-income physicians. It maximizes savings and minimizes taxes. Consult a financial advisor specializing in physician retirement planning. The figures presented are based on assumptions and should not be considered financial advice. Contact Modoo Strategy LLC today for a free consultation: